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Abbreviations AD: Alzheimer's disease ADM: Acinar-to-ductal metaplasia AIF: Apoptosis-inducing factor ALS: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis AMBRA1: Autophagy and beclin 1 regulator 1 AML: Acute myeloid leukemia AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase Apaf-1: Apoptotic protease activating factor-1 APOE 4: Apolipoprotein E 4 APP: Amyloid precursor protein APP-CTFs: APP C-terminal fragments ARF1: ADP-ribosylation factor 1 ARIH1: Ariadne RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 ATF1: Activating transcription factor 1 ATF6: Activating transcription factor 6 ATG12: Autophagy related 12 ATG5: Autophagy related 5 ATP13A2: ATPase cation transporting 13A2 A: Amyloid-beta Bak: Bcl-2 antagonist/killer Bax: Bcl-2-associated X protein BCAA: Branched-chain amino acid BCAT2: Branched-chain amino acid transaminase 2 Bcl-1: Beclin-1 Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma 2 Bcl-xL: B-cell lymphoma-extra large BCL2L13: Bcl2-like 13 BECN1: Beclin 1 bFGF: Basic fibroblast growth factor Bid: BH3 interacting-domain death agonist Bim: Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death BMAL1: Brain and muscle arnt-Like 1 BNIP3: Bcl2-interacting protein 3 BNIP3L, NIX: Bcl2-interacting protein 3-like bp: Base pairs C/EBP: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein Delta C9orf72: The chromosome 9 opening reading frame 72 Ca 2+ : Calcium CAF: Cancer associated fibroblasts CALCOCO2: Calcium binding and coiled-coil domain 2 cAMP: The cyclic AMP CD44: Cluster of differentiation 44 cGAS: The cyclic GMPAMP synthase CHMP2B: Charged multivesicular body protein 2B CHOP: C/EBP homologous protein CI: Respiratory complex I CNS: The central nerve system CP: 3-Carboxy-proxyl nitroxide CPZ: Cuprizone CRC: Colorectal carcinoma CREB: cAMP response element-binding protein CSCs: Cancer stem cells CTLA-4: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 CVD: Cardiovascular disease DAMPs: Damage-associated molecular patterns DANs: Dopaminergic neurons DCT-1: DAF-16/FOXO-controlled germline-tumor affecting 1 DCTN1: Dynactin subunit 1 DDR: DNA damage response DISC1: Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 DJ-1, PARK7: Parkinsonism Associated deglycase DNM1L: Dynamin-1-like protein DPD: Deoxypyridinoline DRP1: Dynamin-related protein 1 EGF: Epidermal growth factor eIF2: Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha EMT: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition EndoG: Endonuclease G ER: Endoplasmic reticulum ER-mito: Endoplasmic reticulummitochondria contact sites ETC: The electron transport chain EVs: Extracellular vehicles FA: Fatty acid FAO: Fatty acid oxidation FBXO7: F-box only protein 7 FC: The frontal cortex area 8 FIG4: FIG4 phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase FIS1: Mitochondrial fission 1 FKBP8: FKBP prolyl isomerase 8 FoxO: Forkhead box class O FUNDC1: FUN14 domain-containing 1 FUS: Fused in sarcoma GBA1: Glucocerebrosidase beta 1 GBM: Glioblastoma Gp78: Glycoprotein 78 GSH: Glutathione HO: Hydrogen peroxide HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma HD: Huntington's disease HIF-1: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 hiPSCs: Human induced pluripotent stem cells hMSCs: Human mesenchymal stem cells HNSCC: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma HSPA1L: Heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1-Like HTT: The huntingtin gene IL-10: Interleukin-10 IL-1: Interleukin 1 IL-6: Interleukin 6 IMM: Inner mitochondrial membrane IPRs: Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors iPD: Idiopathic Parkinsons disease iPSC: Induced pluripotent stem cell IRE1: Inositol-requiring kinase 1 ITGB4: Integrin 4 kbp: Kilobase pairs KC mice: Pdx1-Cre mice KO: Knock out KRAS: Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog KRAS*: Mutant KRAS LC3: Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 LC3-II: Microtubule-Associated Protein 1A/1B-LC3 LC3B, MAP1LC3B: Microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B LIR: LC3-interacting region LRRK2: Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 LSCs: Leukemic stem cells LSL: LoxP-stop-loxP structure LTCCs: L-type Ca 2 channels MAMs: Mitochondria-associated membranes MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinases Mcl-1: Myeloid cell leukemia 1 MCU: The mitochondrial calcium uniporter mDA: Midbrain dopaminergic MDSCs: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells MERCSs: Mitochondria- endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites MFN2: Mitofusin 2 mHTT: Mutant huntingtin gene or protein MIPS: Mitochondrial information processing system Mito-CP: TPP + -conjugated 3-carboxyl proxyl (CP) nitroxide Mito-Met10: TPP + -conjugated metformin MM: Multiple myeloma MMPs: Matrix metalloproteinases MOMP: Mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization MPP: Mitochondrial processing peptidases mPTP: Mitochondrial permeability transition pore MQC: Mitochondrial quality control MRGs: Mitophagy-related genes MT: Mitochondrial transfer mtAP: Mitochondrial antigen presentation mtDNA: Mitochondrial DNA MTFR2: Mitochondrial fission regulator 2 mTOR: Mechanistic target of rapamycin mtROS: Mitochondrial ROS MUL1: Mitochondrial ubiquitin ligase 1 NADPH: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NAM: The mitochondria-associated nucleus structure NANOG: Nanog Homeobox NBR1: Neighbor of Brca1 NDDs: Neurodegenerative diseases NDP52: Nuclear domain 10 protein 52 NF-B: Nuclear factor kappa B NFATc: Nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic NIPSNAP1: Nipsnap homolog 1 NIPSNAP2: Nipsnap homolog 2 NK cells: Natural killer cells NMJ: The neuromuscular junction NSCLC: Non-small cell lung cancer NUMTS: Nuclear mitochondrial DNA OCT4: Octamer-binding protein 4 OMM: The outer mitochondrial membrane OPA1: Optic atrophy 1 OPCS: Oligodendrocyte precursor cells OPTN: Optineurin OTUD6A: The ovarian tumor-associated protease Deubiquitinase 6A OXPHOS: Oxidative phosphorylation PanIN: Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia Parkin: Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase PARL: Presenilin-associated rhomboid-like protein PAS: Pre-autophagosomal structure PD: Parkinson's disease PD-1: Programmed cell death protein 1 PD-L1: Programmed cell death ligand 1 PDAC: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor alpha PDGF: Platelet-derived growth factor beta Pdx1: The pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 PERK: Protein kinase R-like ER Kinase PFN1: Profilin-1 PGAM5: Phosphoglycerate mutase family member 5 PGC-1: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 PHB2: Prohibitin 2 PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase PINK1: PTEN-induced kinase 1 PKA: Protein kinase A PKB, AKT: Protein kinase B, PPP: The pentose phosphate pathway PRKN: Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Rheb: Ras homolog enriched in brain RHOT1: Ras homolog family member T1 ROS: Reactive oxygen species SAD: Sporadic Alzheimers disease scRNA-seq: Single cell RNA sequencing SIAH1: Seven in absentia homolog 1 Sig1R: The Sigma-1 receptor Sirt1: Sirtuin 1 SMURF1: SMAD-specific E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Snapin: SNARE-associated protein SNc: The substantia nigra pars compacta SNCA: Synuclein alpha encoding -syn protein SOD: Superoxide dismutase SOD1: Zn/Cu superoxide dismutase 1 SOX2: SRY-box transcription factor 2 Sp1: Specificity protein 1 SQSTM1, p62: Sequestonsome 1 STING: Stimulator of interferon genes SV: Synaptic vesicle TAM: Tumor-associated macrophage tau: Tubulin associated unit TAX1BP1: Tax1 binding protein 1 TBK1: TANK-binding kinase 1 TCA: The tricarboxylic acid cycle Tconv: Conventional T cell TDP-43: TAR DNA binding protein 43 kDa TFEB: Transcription factor EB TGF-1: Transforming growth factor-1 Th1: T helper 1 Th17: T helper 17 Th2: T helper 2 TILs: Tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes TME: Tumor microenvironment TNBC: Triple-negative breast cancer TNF: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha TNT: Tumor-derived tunneling nanotubes TNTs: Tunneling nanotubes TOM20: Translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20 TPP: Lipophilic cationic triphenylphosphonium Treg: Regulatory T cell TSPO: Translocator protein TUBA4A: Tubulin alpha 4A UA: Urolithin A Ub: Ubiquitin UBQLN2: Ubiquilin-2 ULK1: Unc-51-like kinase UPR mt : The mitochondrial unfolded protein response USP30: Ubiquitin-specific protease 30 VAPB: Vesicle-associated membrane protein-associated protein B VCP/P97: Valosin-containing protein VDAC: Voltage-dependent anion channels VDAC1: Voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor m: Mitochondrial membrane potential References Crimmins EM
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Incarcerated people in the Southwestern U.S
