"The Whig Fable of American Tobacco, 18951913", Journal of Economic History 66#1 (2006), pp
Here are some new, clearer points that explain carton differences: Standard carton: 10 packs, each with 20 cigarettes, for a total of 200 cigarettes
(A person inhaling a nicotine aerosol usually absorbs 80% of the nicotine, 48 whereas the pump discharges all nicotine into the environment, so the nicotine exposure may be higher in this study than would be the case with actual secondhand aerosol exposure.) Serum cotinine in nonsmokers sitting in the chamber was similar for cigarette smoke and e-cigarette aerosol exposure (average, 0.8 ng/mL for tobacco cigarette and 0.5 ng/mL for e-cigarette)
Urbanization and Western lifestyle influences are responsible for shaping consumer habits and preferences in this region
As for the use of e-liquids in e-hookah, that would be expected to produce the same toxicity as e-cigarettes